The Sun is a star we are the focus of our planetary system, yet it is the closest to Earth, located at an average distance of 149 million kilometers. Has a diameter of 1.391 million kilometers, approximately 109 times that of Earth. Its temperature ranges from 10 to 15 million degrees in the core. To be composed of gases, has no solid surface. Its main component is hydrogen (82%), and to a lesser extent contains helium (17%). Their continued activity is because it is naturally produced the phenomenon of nuclear fusion, in which hydrogen nuclei are converted into helium and release large amount of energy that reaches the Earth as light and heat. Like any star, the Sun has a cycle: born 4600 million years ago and it is believed that there are still 5,000 million years ahead.
The phenomena that occur in the Sun, for example, sunspots or flares of gas, have an impact on Earth and are reflected in the alteration of terrestrial magnetism and in ultraviolet radiation, among other effects.
The solar atmosphere consists of the photosphere, which is the innermost layer, the chromosphere and, finally, the crown. This, the most superficial of the atmosphere is in constant motion and produces the solar wind.