The pyramids are funerary monuments built thousands of years ago to deposit the remains of the Pharaohs (emperors of ancient Egypt). These gigantic tombs have two parts: the burial chamber, which was located the mummified body of Pharaoh, and the burial shrine, which consists of several compartments, which were deposited food, jewelry and other objects, according to Egyptian beliefs would used for the dead during his endless journey to the afterlife. The largest pyramid is located in Giza, near Cairo, which include those of Cheops, Chephren and Micerino. In addition, The ruins of another 70 pyramids built in what is now the territory of the republics of Egypt and Sudan. Its immediate antecedents were the pyramids, so called because its successive layers or stone or brick floors are huge steps. The best preserved example of the pyramids of this type is that of Saqqara, built c. 2600 BC
The civilizations of pre-Columbian America also built pyramids, although not as large straight Egyptian pyramids, but staggered. Usually served as platforms for temples and were surrounded by a square or sacred area. Among the highlights American pyramids of Teotihuacan and Tula, Mexico.
The size of the pyramids was growing until it lifted the gigantic monuments of Dynasty IV. The Great Pyramid of Cheops has a square base 230 feet square and 146 meters. The base area is 53,084 meters square, three times greater than the area of the basilica of San Pedro. The pyramid of Khafre measured 215.26 meters to 134.7 meters side by height. Of Micerino is significantly smaller than the previous two, since it is only 105.5 meters behind by 65.5 high.